基因叔叔：科普、期刊導讀(Uncle Gene)

不但給你最強基因科普，還免費送你期刊導讀；救人一命勝造七級浮屠，想知道就在基因叔叔。真是好詩，好詩！ EGFR,KRAS,NRAS,HRAS,TET2,JAK2,P53,DNMT3A,PIK3CA,MED12,BRAF,PI3K,KIT,FLT3,ASXL1,BRCA-1,BRCA-2,ABL,AKT3,SNP,breast cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,Liver cancer,Lung cancer,Leukemia cancer,Ovary cancer,Prostate cancer,femtopath,genonfire,oncogene,prevention,drugs,information for genes,OIS,screening,journal, Association between Tumor Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Lungs Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung cancer: an overview and update Targeting the EGFR Pathway for Cancer Therapy EGFR mutation testing in lung cancer: a review of available methods and their use for analysis of tumour tissue and cytology samples Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Pancreatic Cancer Targeting the Raf-MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade for the treatment of cancer PIK3CA Mutations Frequently Coexist with EGFR/KRAS Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Suggest Poor Prognosis in EGFR/KRAS Wildtype Subgroup Lei Wang1,2., Haichuan Hu1,2., Yunjian Pan1,2., Rui Wang1,2, Yuan Li2,3, Lei Shen2,3, Yongfu Yu4, Hang Li1,2, Deng Cai1,2, Yihua Sun1,2, Haiquan Chen1,2 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 3Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, Immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry Immunohistochemistry (IHC) involves the process of selectively imaging antigens (e.g. proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.[1] IHC takes its name from the roots "immuno", in reference to antibodies used in the procedure, and "histo," meaning tissue (compare to immunocytochemistry). Albert Coons conceptualized and first implemented the procedure in 1941.[2] Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. Specific molecular markers are characteristic of particular cellular events such as proliferation or cell death (apoptosis).[3] Immunohistochemistry is also widely used in basic research to understand the distribution and localization of biomarkers and differentially expressed proteins in different parts of a biological tissue. Visualising an antibody-antigen interaction can be accomplished in a number of ways. In the most common instance, an antibody is conjugated to an enzyme, such as peroxidase, that can catalyse a colour-producing reaction (see immunoperoxidase staining).[4] Alternatively, the antibody can also be tagged to a fluorophore, such as fluorescein or rhodamine (see immunofluorescence). Digital polymerase chain reaction (digital PCR, DigitalPCR, dPCR, or dePCR) is a biotechnological refinement of conventional polymerase chain reaction methods that can be used to directly quantify and clonally amplify nucleic acids strands including DNA, cDNA or RNA. The key difference between dPCR and traditional PCR lies in the method of measuring nucleic acids amounts, with the former being a more precise method than PCR, though also more prone to error in the hands of inexperienced users.[1]:217 A “digital” measurement quantitatively and discretely measures a certain variable, whereas an “analog” measurement extrapolates certain measurements based on measured patterns. PCR carries out one reaction per single sample. dPCR also carries out a single reaction within a sample, however the sample is separated into a large number of partitions and the reaction is carried out in each partition individually. This separation allows a more reliable collection and sensitive measurement of nucleic acid amounts. The method has been demonstrated as useful for studying variations in gene sequences — such as copy number variants and point mutations — and it is routinely used for clonal[disambiguation needed] amplification of samples for next-generation sequencing. ihc ihca ihc protocol ihc原理 ihc4 ihc 染色 ihc染色原理 ihc 步驟 ihc staining ihc-p ihc protocol ihc stain ihc 染色 ihc 步驟 ihc staining ihc 中文 ihc world ihc score ihc twc ihc blocking ddpcr ddpcr原理 ddpcr supermix ddpcr bio rad ddpcr protocol ddpcr ngs ddpcr multiplex ddpcr ppt ddpcr supermix for probes (no dutp) ddpcr hiv ddpcr 原理 ddpcr supermix ddpcr bio rad ddpcr protocol ddpcr ngs ddpcr multiplex ddpcr ppt ddpcr supermix for probes (no dutp) ddpcr hiv ddpcr multiplexing ngs ngsff ng sdh ngstyle ngse ngsl ngs 初始化錯誤 ngsp ngspice ng switch ngs 原理 ngs 初始化錯誤 ngs hacking detected ngs illumina ngs airport ngs data analysis ngs data ngs wiki ngs 分析 ngs 應用 general genesis generic general 中文 generation geneva generous 中文 generator generous generate gene 中文 gene ontology gene therapy gene kelly gene simmons gene expression gene hackman gene card gene expression 中文 gene wilder krasnodar kras krasnoyarsk kras mutation kras巧克力 krasnoyarsk 中文 krashen kraso kras基因 krasny krym kras mutation kras 巧克力 kras 基因 kras wild type kras g12d kras mutation中文 kras nras kras lung cancer kras chocolate kras pathway egfr egfr calculator egfr計算 egfr mutation egfr 中文 egfr公式 egfr是什麼 egfr過低 egfr檢驗值 gfr正常值 egfr calculator egfr mutation egfr 中文 egfr 公式 egfr 計算 egfr tki egfr 肺癌 egfr inhibitor egfr cancer gfr 正常值 p53 p53 pathway p530 p53 apoptosis p53 p21 p53 mdm2 p53 mutation p53 antibody p53 cancer p53 protein p53 gene p53 pathway p53 apoptosis p53 p21 p53 mdm2 p53 mutation p53 antibody p53 cancer p53 protein p53 cell cycle 抗體抗體抗原抗體英文抗體結構抗體是什麼抗體藥物抗體力價抗體成分抗體製造抗體篩檢抗體抗原抗體英文抗體成分抗體蛋白質抗體 fc 抗體結構抗體受體抗體日文抗體輕鏈抗體陽性 santa cruz santa cruz 景點 santa cruz bike santa cruz 滑板 santa cruz 台灣 santa cruz nomad santa cruz bolivia santa cruz beach boardwalk santa cruz weather santa cruz skateboard santa cruz 景點 santa cruz biotechnology santa cruz bike santa cruz 滑板 santa cruz 台灣 santa cruz nomad santa cruz beach boardwalk santa cruz bolivia santa cruz weather santa cruz de tenerife cancer cancer 中文 cancer fund cancer research cancer cell cancer 星座 cancer council cancer research impact factor cancer ptt cancer council 防曬 cancer 中文 cancer fund cancer research cancer cell cancer 星座 cancer council cancer research impact factor cancer ptt cancer council 防曬 cancer letters 期刊期刊英文期刊縮寫期刊排名期刊下載期刊查詢期刊排名查詢期刊點數期刊格式期刊投稿期刊英文期刊點數期刊格式期刊論文期刊縮寫期刊 impact factor 期刊查詢期刊下載期刊排名期刊論文差別

部落格全站分類：醫療保健

Apr 06 Thu 2017 10:23
DNA影分身之術-RNA

33DNA影分身之術.jpg

RNA中文名稱是核糖核酸 (Ribonucleic acid)，可以說是DNA的雙胞胎分身，結構上也非常相似，而基因所要傳遞的訊息，實際上是由RNA負責運作，這樣重要又浩大的工程，勢必需要分工合作，讓我們來了解各個RNA工作內容

RNA表格.tif

表一、RNA功能

那DNA跟RNA差異在哪呢？

1.醣類不同
去氧核醣 (DNA) v.s 核醣 (RNA)

DNA-RNA.tif

圖一、DNA及RNA之五碳糖
(引用於https://www.quora.com/Why-is-RNA-less-flexible-more-rigid-than-DNA)

2.鹼基不同
胸腺嘧啶 (DNA) v.s. 尿嘧啶 (RNA)

3.結構不同
雙股 (DNA) v.s. 單股 (RNA)

DNA-RNA-all.tif

圖二、DNA及RNA結構
(引用於http://biotech.nstm.gov.tw/LifeScienceConcept/SpiralC/Spiral05.htm)

叔叔我想問：那既然結構相似只差有沒有氧存在而已，為什麼還要有RNA存在呢？

有句名言是這樣的-「所有世上萬物的存在，必有其存在的道理」，由於DNA上帶有太多太重要的遺傳訊息，如果在傳遞訊息過程，出現錯誤、損傷，但是DNA修復是需要一段時間的 (可參考：基因護理站—DNA損傷怎麼修復？)，甚至嚴重可能是無法修復，這樣的受損會造成生物體很嚴重的Bug！此外，由上圖可以得知，RNA是一單股序列，相較於將DNA的雙股螺旋打開，再轉換成蛋白質的速率是高出許多的，另外RNA還帶有調控基因表達的作用，所以一旦當RNA消失，則有可能會造成基因表達出現紊亂。

Golden叔叔

DNA RNA 胸腺嘧啶尿嘧啶 Uracil ATCG AUCG 鹼基去氧核醣核酸核醣核酸

基因叔叔

基因叔叔：科普、期刊導讀(Uncle Gene)

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